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Spam (food)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spam Spam with cans.jpeg
Spam
Origin
Place of origin United States
Creator(s) Hormel Foods Corporation
Dish details
Course served Main course
Serving temperature Hot or Cold
Main ingredient(s) Pork
The Spam-mobile

Spam (officially trademarked as SPAM®) is a canned precooked meat product made by the Hormel Foods Corporation. The labeled ingredients in the classic variety of Spam are chopped pork shoulder meat, with ham meat added, salt, water, modified potato starch as a binder, and sodium nitrite as a preservative. Spam's gelatinous glaze, or aspic, forms from the cooling of meat stock.[1] The product has become part of many jokes and urban legends about mystery meat, which has made it part of pop culture and folklore.[2]

Varieties of Spam include Spam Classic, Spam Hot & Spicy, Spam Less Sodium, Spam Lite, Spam Oven Roasted Turkey, Hickory Smoked, Spam with real Hormel Bacon, Spam with Cheese, and Spam Spread.[3] Availability of these varieties varies regionally.

Spam that is sold in North America, South America, and Australia is produced in Austin, Minnesota, (also known as Spam Town USA) and in Fremont, Nebraska. Spam for the UK market is produced in Denmark by Tulip under license from Hormel.[4] Spam is also made in the Philippines and in South Korea.[5] In 2007, the seven billionth can of Spam was sold.[6] On average, 3.8 cans are consumed every second in the United States.[7]
Contents
[hide]

1 Name origin
2 Nutritional data
3 Varieties
4 International usage
4.1 United States and territories
4.2 UK
4.3 Asia
5 In popular culture
5.1 Spam celebrations
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Name origin

Introduced on July 5, 1937, the name "Spam" was chosen when the product, whose original name was far less memorable (Hormel Spiced Ham), began to lose market share. The name was chosen from multiple entries in a naming contest. A Hormel official once stated that the original meaning of the name "Spam" was "Shoulder of Pork and Ham".[8] According to writer Marguerite Patten in Spam – The Cookbook, the name was suggested by Kenneth Daigneau, an actor and the brother of a Hormel vice president, who was given a $100 prize for creating the name.[9] At one time and persisting to this day in certain books, the theory behind the nomenclature of Spam was that the name was a portmanteau of "Spiced Meat and Ham".[10] According to the British documentary-reality show "1940s House", when Spam was offered by the United States to those affected by World War II in the UK, Spam stood for Specially Processed American Meats. Yesterday's Britain, a popular history published by Reader's Digest in 1998 [p. 140], unpacks Spam as "Supply Pressed American Meat" and describes it as an imported "wartime food" of the 1940s.

Many jocular backronyms have been devised, such as "Something Posing As Meat", "Specially Processed Artificial Meat", "Stuff, Pork and Ham", "Spare Parts Animal Meat" and "Special Product of Austin Minnesota".[11]

According to Hormel's trademark guidelines, Spam should be spelled with all capital letters and treated as an adjective, as in the phrase "SPAM luncheon meat".
Nutritional data

Spam is typically sold in cans with a net weight of 340 grams (12 ounces). A 100 gram (3.5 ounce) serving of original Spam provides 310 calories, 13 grams of protein (26% DV), 3 grams of carbohydrates (1% DV), 27 grams of total fat (41% DV), including 10 grams of saturated fat (49% DV). The cholesterol content of Spam is 70 milligrams (23% DV). A serving also contains 57% of the recommended daily intake of sodium (1369 milligrams). Spam provides the following vitamins and minerals: 0% vitamin A, 1% vitamin C , 1% calcium, 5% iron, 3% magnesium, 9% potassium, 12% zinc, and 5% copper.[12][13]
Varieties

There are several different flavors of Spam products, including:

Spam Classic – original flavor[14]
Spam Hot & Spicy – with Tabasco flavor[14]
Spam Less Sodium – "25% less sodium"[14]
Spam Lite – "33% less calories and 50% less fat" – made from pork shoulder meat, ham, and mechanically separated chicken[14]
Spam Oven Roasted Turkey[14]
Spam Hickory Smoke flavor[14]
Spam Spread – "if you're a spreader, not a slicer ... just like Spam Classic, but in a spreadable form"[14]
Spam with Bacon[14]
Spam with Cheese[14]
Spam Garlic (see photos below)
Spam Golden Honey Grail – a limited-release special flavor made in honor of Monty Python's Spamalot Broadway musical[citation needed]
Spam Mild[citation needed]
Spam Hot Dogs[citation needed]

In addition to the variety of flavors, Spam is sold in tins smaller than the twelve-ounce standard size. Spam Singles are also available, which are a single sandwich-sized slice of Spam Classic or Lite, wrapped in plastic instead of a metal container.
International usage
Spam advertisement on back cover of Time magazine on May 14, 1945.

As of 2003, Spam is sold in 41 countries worldwide, sold on six continents and trademarked in over 100 different countries.[15]
United States and territories

In the United States in the aftermath of World War II, a troupe of ex-G.I. women was created by Hormel Foods to promote Spam from coast to coast. The group was known as the Hormel Girls and associated the food with being patriotic. In 1948, two years after the group's conception, the troupe had grown to 60 women with 16 forming an orchestra. The show went on to become a radio program where the main selling point was Spam. The Hormel Girls were disbanded in 1953.[16] Spam is still quite popular in the United States, but is sometimes associated with economic hardship because of its relatively low cost.[17]

The residents of the state of Hawaii and the territories of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) consume the most Spam per capita in the United States. On average, each person on Guam consumes 16 tins of Spam each year and the numbers at least equal this in the CNMI. Guam, Hawaii, and Saipan, the CNMI's principal island, have the only McDonald's restaurants that feature Spam on the menu. In Hawaii, Burger King began serving Spam in 2007 on its menu to compete with the local McDonald's chains.[18][19] In Hawaii, Spam is so popular it is sometimes dubbed "The Hawaiian Steak".[20] One popular Spam dish in Hawaii is Spam musubi, where cooked Spam is combined with rice and nori seaweed and classified as onigiri.[21]

Spam was introduced into the aforementioned areas, in addition to other islands in the Pacific such as Okinawa and the Philippine Islands, during the U.S. military occupation in World War II. Since fresh meat was difficult to get to the soldiers on the front, World War II saw the largest use of Spam. GIs started eating Spam for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. (Some soldiers referred to Spam as "ham that didn't pass its physical" and "meatloaf without basic training".)[22] Surpluses of Spam from the soldiers' supplies made their way into native diets. Consequently, Spam is a unique part of the history and effects of U.S. influence in the Pacific.[23]

The perception of Spam in Hawaii is very different from that on the mainland. Despite the large number of mainlanders who eat Spam, and the various recipes that have been made from it, Spam, along with most canned food, is often stigmatized on the mainland as "poor people food". In Hawaii, similar canned meat products such as Treet are considered cheaper versions of canned meat than Spam. This is a result of Spam having the initial market share and its name sounding more convincing towards consumers.[24]
Four different types of Spam. Clockwise from top left: Garlic, Oven Roasted Turkey, Hot and Spicy, and the Japanese released version (Spam Less Sodium) of Spam.

In these locales, varieties of Spam unavailable in other markets are sold. These include Honey Spam, Spam with Bacon, and Hot and Spicy Spam.[23]

In the CNMI, lawyers from Hormel have threatened legal action against the local press for running articles decrying the ill-effects of high Spam consumption on the health of the local population.[25][26]

Austin, Minnesota has a restaurant with a menu devoted exclusively to Spam, called "Johnny's SPAMarama Menu".[27]
UK

In the United Kingdom spam is often sliced, battered and deep-fried becoming known as 'spam fritters', and is still a popular way of eating Spam today. It gained popularity in the 1940s during World War II, as a consequence of the Lend-Lease Act when Hormel began to increase production towards British and Russian markets.[28]

After World War II, Newforge Foods, part of the Fitch Lovell group, were awarded the license to produce the product in the UK (doing so at its Gateacre factory, Liverpool),[29] where it stayed until production switched to the Danish Crown Group (owners of the Tulip Food Company[30]) in 1998, forcing the closure of the Liverpool factory and the loss of 140 jobs.[31] By the early 1970s the name Spam was often misused to describe any tinned meat product containing pork, such as pork luncheon meat.

The image of Spam as a low cost meat product gave rise to the Scottish colloquial term "Spam valley" to describe certain affluent housing areas where residents appear to be wealthy but in reality may be living at poverty levels.[32]
Asia
Spam is often served with rice in Asia.

In Okinawa, Japan, Spam has become very popular. The product is added into onigiri alongside eggs, used as a staple ingredient in the traditional Okinawan dish chanpurū, and a Spam burger is sold by local fast food chain Jef.[33]

In Hong Kong, Spam is commonly served with instant noodles and fried eggs, and is a popular item in cha chaan teng. Spam is less popular than Ma Ling Meats, its main competitor in the Hong Kong processed meat market. Although recent controversies surrounding high salt content in Ma Ling products may allow Spam to gain market share.[34]

In the Philippines, Spam is a popular meal, most commonly eaten with fried rice and eggs or as a sandwich with pandesal. It is often eaten for breakfast. During the rescue efforts after the catastrophic typhoon of 2009, Hormel Foods donated over 30,000 pounds of Spam to the Philippines branch of the Red Cross.[35]

In South Korea, Spam (Hangul: 스팸; RR: seupaem) is popular in households as an accompaniment to rice. A local television advertisement claims that it is the most tasty when consumed with white rice and gim (laver seaweed used for some types of handrolls). Spam is also an original ingredient in budae jjigae ("army base stew"), a spicy stew with different types of preserved meat.[36]

Spam and similar meat preserves can be bought in gift sets that may contain nothing but the meat preserve[37] or include other products such as food oil or tuna. When invited to another person's home, guests may present their hosts with such a set, or with other food gifts such as fresh fruit, beverages or tteok.

The surfeit of Spam in both North and South Korea during the Korean War led to the establishment of the Spam kimbap (sushi roll). because of a scarcity of fish and other traditional kimbap products such as kimchi or fermented cabbage, Spam was added to a rice roll with kimchi and cucumber and wrapped in seaweed. Spam was also used by US soldiers in Korea as a means of trading for items, services or information around their bases. Spam is also remarkably popular to a majority of the population, and outranks Coca-Cola and KFC in status as a foodstuff.[38]

In Israel, a kosher variant of Spam, known as Loof (Hebrew: לוף‎, distortion of meatloaf), was produced by Richard Levi, and mostly used as part of field rations by the Israeli Defense Forces. A Glatt kosher version was also produced. It was phased out of field rations during the early 2000s and was finally removed from rations when production ceased in 2009.[39]
In popular culture

In the 1960s, the original Mercury astronauts were referred to as "Spam in a can" by aircraft test pilots, as a derogatory reference to their restricted role as being unable to control the flight of the Mercury spacecraft in which they were launched.

In 1970, the Monty Python comedy group televised a sketch "Spam" in which almost every breakfast meal served in a restaurant included Spam. The dialog hyped the menu as being "Spam, Spam, Spam and more Spam".

In the 1990s, excessive, unwanted e-mail was termed "spam" after the phenomenon of marketers drowning out e-mail discussions, by flooding Usenet newsgroups and individuals' email with junk mail advertising messages. This was due to some early internet users who flooded forums with the word "spam"[40] recounting the repetitive and unwanted presence of Spam in the Monty Python sketch. This phenomenon has been reported in court decisions handed down in lawsuits against spammers - see, for example, CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc., 962 F.Supp. 1015, n. 1 (S.D.Ohio 1997).

The Python programming language, named after Monty Python, prefers to use the words "spam", "ham", and "eggs" as metasyntactic variables, instead of the traditional words "foo" or "bar" or "baz".

In 2004, the Broadway musical comedy Spamalot was created as a parody of the 1975 Monty Python film Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
Spam celebrations
Hormel Spam Museum in Austin, Minnesota.

Spam is celebrated in a small local festival in Austin, Minnesota, where Hormel corporate headquarters are located. The event, known as Spam Jam, is a carnival-type celebration that coincides with local Fourth of July festivities, featuring parades and fireworks that often relate to the popular luncheon meat. Austin is also home to the Spam Museum, and the plant that produces Spam for most of North America and Europe. In addition to the periodic celebration, there is a national recipe competition where submissions are accepted at the top forty state fairs in the nation.[41]

Hawaii also holds an annual version of Spam Jam in Waikiki during the last week of April.[42]

The small town of Shady Cove, Oregon is home to the annual Spam Parade and Festival, with the city allocating $1500 for it.[43]

The Spam Jam is not to be confused with Spamarama, which is a yearly festival held around April Fool's Day in Austin, Texas. The theme of Spamarama is gentle parody of Spam, rather than straightforward celebration: the event at the heart of the festival is a Spam cook-off that originated as a challenge to produce an appetizing recipe for the meat. The festival includes light sporting activities and musical acts, in addition to the cook-off.[44]
See also
Foods.jpg Food portal

Meat by-product
Potted meat food product
Advanced meat recovery methods
Pickled foods

References

^ Campbell, Belinda; Clapton, Barbara; Tipton, Catherine (2002). Food Technology. Heinemann. p. 20.
^ Jones, Lisa (October 2006). Men's Health. Rodale Inc.. p. 132.
^ "Spam — The Official Spam website".
^ "the Spam timeline section under 1990s "In 1997, Hormel Foods awards Tulip UK with the licence for supplying SPAM to the UK market." Retrieved May 29, 2008". Spam-uk.com. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ ""Where is the Spam family of products made?" on spam.com.".[dead link]
^ "SPAM Brand History". http://www.spam.com. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
^ Browne, Pat; Browne, Ray Broadus (2001). The guide to United States popular culture. Popular Press. p. 764.
^ Terry O’Reilly, on The Age of Persuasion on CBC Radio, broadcast 12 January 2009
^ "Spam.com — Spam Timeline".[dead link]
^ Acton, Johnny (2006). Origin of Everyday Things. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4027-4302-3., [1]
^ Boxcar, Ruby Ann (2004). Dear Ruby Ann: Down Home Advice about Lovin', Livin', and the Whole Shebang. Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2560-0., p. 244
^ "Spam Nutrition Data".
^ "Nutritional Facts and Analysis for Spam".
^ a b c d e f g h i SPAM > SPAM® Products
^ Hormel Foods (2010). "Spam - Postwar Popularity". Hormel Foods Corporation.
^ Danelle D. Keck, Jill M. Sullivan (2007). ""The Hormel Girls", American Music, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Fall, 2007), pp. 282-311". University of Illinois Press. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
^ Martin, Andrew (November 15, 2008). ""Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More", New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
^ "Burger King to Serve Spam in Hawaii".
^ Huppert, Boyd (May 17, 2007). "Land of 10,000 Stories — Spam in Paradise". KARE11 News.
^ "The Spam That Isn't Via E-Mail". The New York Times. April 7, 2003. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
^ "Spam — Hawaiian Spam Musubi".
^ American Eats, History Channel Programme
^ a b Song, Jaymes (June 11, 2007). "Burger giants wage Spam war". Toronto: The Star.
^ Lovegren, Sylvia (2005). Fashionable food: seven decades of food fads. United States: University of Chicago Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780226494074. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ "Organic smoke (and mirrors)". Saipan Tribune. July 21, 2006. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ "A junkie waiting to happen". Saipan Tribune. July 14, 2006. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ "Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More",, NYTimes, Nov 14, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/busin ... .html?_r=1
^ Atkins, Annette (2008). Creating Minnesota: A History From the Inside Out. Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 194. ISBN 9780873516334. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ The story of Fitch Lovell Ambrose Keevil Phillimore Press 1972 ISBN 978-0-85033-074-8
^ "Tulip Food Company". english.tulip.dk. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ "Spam firm faces closure after serving its last slice". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-21.[dead link]
^ Hardill, Irene; Graham, David; Kofman, Eleonore (2001). Human geography of the UK: an introduction. London: Routledge. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780415214261. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ Sieg, Linda (March 12, 2008). ""Okinawa cuisine: tofu, Spam and root beer", Reuters News". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
^ ""Lunch meat menace sparks heart warning", The Hong Kong Standard". Beatrice Siu. April 16, 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
^ ""Hormel Foods Announces Donation to Philippines", The WebWire". Webwire.com editorial staff. October 8, 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
^ Walraven, Boudewijn; Breuker, Remco E. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies : essays in honour of Boudewijn Walraven. Leiden: CNWS Publications. pp. 255–257. ISBN 9789057891533. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ Image of a ? Spam gift set
^ Lewis, George H. (2004). "From Minnesota Fat to Seoul Food: Spam in America and the Pacific Rim". The Journal of Popular Culture, volume 34, issue 2., [2]
^ "הצדעה ללוף, שייצורו הופסק באחרונה בישראל [Salute for Loof, production of which was recently ceased in Israel]". mouse.co.il. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
^ Origin of the term "spam" to mean net abuse.
^ Garber, Anne; Keyes, John (September 15, 2010). "Wham, bam, thank you Spam". The Vancouver Courier. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
^ Hormel Foods (2010). "Spam Jam Waikiki 2010". Hormel Foods Corporation. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ Pitto, Christy (December 7, 2010). "Shady Cove issues- riparian, event insurance and liability". Upper Rogue Independent. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
^ "Spamarama website". Retrieved 2006-08-11.

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Spam

The official Spam web site
Spam - The Official UK website
The Book of Spam
More Spam Recipes
Saving 'Spam:' Hormel's Fight to Protect Its Famous Product's Name According to ABC News, Hormel is involved in a multi-million dollar trademark dispute with Spam Arrest, a company that blocks obnoxious emails.
Connolly, Kevin (2010-12-26). "How the US cemented its worldwide influence with Spam". BBC News online.

Categories: Canned food | Hawaiian cuisine | Brand name meats | Meatpacking | Hormel | 1937 introductions | Hormel brands | Spam (food)

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Fruit flies reproduce at astonishing rates. Their rapid reproduction has made them both valuable research subjects and formidable pests.

Female fruit flies are capable of laying hundreds of eggs within their brief life spans. Eggs are most commonly laid on moist, fermenting food masses such as over-ripe fruit and vegetables. Within 24 to 30 hours, fruit fly eggs hatch into larvae known as maggots. These maggots feed on the fruits within which they were laid.

Within one week, maggots burrow through the decaying matter and molt twice. After four days, larvae move to a dry surface and transform into pupae. Three days later, adult fruit flies emerge. Fruit flies become sexually active within two days of emerging as adults. Female fruit flies may mate with several males and store sperm for future use.

Thousands of species of fruit flies exist throughout the world. They vary in size, color and shape.. All fruit flies breed rapidly, although mating rituals range from intricate dances to territorial control or traditional breeding, wherein the male simply impregnates the female.

Once impregnated, female fruit flies are capable of laying more than 400 eggs. Eggs are usually laid in one piece of fruit or other sugary, decaying organic material. Fruit flies choose such breeding sites in order to ensure a food source for their larvae after they have hatched, as well as protection from certain predatory species. Optimal temperatures for fly eggs range from 75 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, which is also the average temperature of a home's interior.

Fruit fly eggs measure only 1/2-millimeter in length. Under a microscope, they are yellow in color and appear to be the shape of a grain of rice. In optimal temperatures, fruit fly eggs hatch into larvae within 12 to 24 hours. These larvae ultimately mature into adults that feed, breed and lay their own generation of eggs. The lifespan of some fruit fly species is less than one week.

The average natural life span of fruit fly adults in optimal temperatures is 30 days. However, female fruit flies are capable of mating and laying several batches of eggs in that time, allowing the fruit fly population in a home to multiply quickly. The life span of the fruit fly is heavily influenced by temperature: their lives will be shortened if temperatures fall below 60 degrees or rise above 85 degrees.

The fruit fly's life cycle begins when the female lays her eggs on a piece of fermenting fruit or other decaying, sweet organic material. She can lay up to 500 eggs at one time, making it difficult to control the population. After eggs hatch into small, white larvae, they eat from their nesting site for four days, absorbing the nutrients and energy needed to transform into adults.

Larvae then locate dark, dry places for pupation. During this stage, the legless, larvae grow six legs and a pair of wings before emerging as adults. Full pupation takes approximately four days. During this time, the faint outline of the transforming fly is visible through the pupa case. Following pupation, adult fruit flies are ready to mate within 12 hours and the courting process begins anew.
Fruit flies undergo three stages of development before emerging as adults: egg, larva and pupa. At room temperature, fruit flies can develop into adults within one to two weeks. The egg and larval stages span approximately eight days, while the pupal stage lasts six days. The adult fruit fly lives for several weeks.

Twenty-four hours after a female fruit fly lays her eggs, larvae hatch. Fruit fly larvae undergo molting stages known as instars, during which the head, mouth, cuticle, spiracles and hooks are shed. During the larva's third instar, it crawls to a drier area to pupate. The pupa case if formed from the larval skin as it darkens and develops a hard surface.

Fruit fly adult develops in this pupal stage. Twenty-four hours before the adult emerges, the pigmentation of the eyes and the folded wings are already visible through the pupal case, called the puparium. The pupa darkens just before the adult fly emerges.

When metamorphosis is complete, the adult fruit fly pushes its way through the anterior end of the puparium, known as the operculum. Initially, the fruit fly is light in coloration, with expanded wings and an elongated abdomen. Within a few hours, the fruit fly darkens, extends its wings and expands its abdomen.

Approximately 48 hours after emerging from the puparia, female fruit flies are sexually mature and can begin breeding and laying eggs. Adult fruit flies are fertile for the entirety of their life spans. Female fruit flies can store sperm from multiple inseminations for use in future egg productions.
Fruit flies begin as eggs, from which they hatch into larvae. Fruit fly larvae then pupate in order to develop into adults. Fruit flies typically spend eight days between the egg and larval stages and remain inside the pupal stage for approximately six more days. Most fruit flies are producing mature adults within two weeks.

Twenty-four hours before the adult fruit fly emerges from the puparium, the red eyes and folded wings are visible through the surface. The puparia turn black when adults are ready to emerge. After forcing their way through the puparia, adults are light in color and have elongated wings and abdomens. Within a few hours, these new adults will darken.

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